A Childs Fear By Julien Green - 1313 Words

Bibliotherapy â€Å"A child’s fear is a world whose dark corners are quite unknown to grownup people; it has its sky and its abysses, a sky without stars, abysses into which no light can ever penetrate.† Julien Green Julien Green, the renowned 20th century writer, articulated the unique emotional trauma that children experience when they experience fear. While fear can be stressful for young children, it is also a natural part of the developmental cycle of children, and occurs in predictable patterns. (Nicholson J.I, Pearson Q.M., 2003) Throughout the years, researchers have been able to identify a cycle pertaining to the nature of fear that children experience. The initial fears of infants include being separated from their parents and of strange people or places. As children mature, these initial fears are replaced with the fear of dark rooms, sudden changes in appearances, large animals, and mystical creatures. When children are of early school age, fears morph once agai n to dangerous people and being alone. (Nicholson J.I, Pearson Q.M., 2003) While this cycle of fear has been well documented, researchers have also identified an interesting dynamic that has occurred within the last ten years. While it was once concluded that real-life fears such as violence did not emerge in adolescence, recent evidence suggests that fears of this nature are occurring increasingly in children that are elementary school age. In fact, a recent study of children ages

The Fountainhead and Anthem Essay Anthem Free Essays

At the age of five he advanced to home of the student, where he got scolded for learning faster then his brothers. Equality teachers told him that he had evil in his bones because he was taller then his brothers. Then at the age of fifteen when the house of v actions came Equality was guilty of the great transgression of preference because he wanted d to be a scholar, but his selected vocation was to be a street sweeper. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fountainhead and Anthem Essay Anthem or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every day while he sweep t by the fields he would watch and smile at Liberty and she would smile back. Liberty was a woo man that worked in the home of the peasants. Making contact with a woman was prohibited buy t for when in the palace of the mating. The palace of the mating was where people were forced to breed. Equality thought touching a woman was shameful and ugly. The! En one day while he s wept the streets he found a grate that led to underground tunnel full of things from the unmeant enable times. For two years he went to the tunnel and discovered a new glowing light. Then one day while in the tunnel decided that he must share his secret with his brothers. He decided that he w loud bring his secret in front of the world council meeting. When Equality entered the world council I meeting the scholars got frightened and angry. They demanded that he tell them why he was there. He connected the wires and they glowed, the scholars backed up against the wall as they stared in horror. They told him that he they were going to punish for breaking so many laws. Equality trembled in fright he quickly grabbed the light and ran to the uncharted foresee t. No man followed because they feared the unknown. Those are all the ways in which Equality reek acted the view of society. The uncharted forest represented freedom. When Equality spent his first night in the rest when he woke up he laughed and rolled through the leaves and the MO as because he realized he was free which meant no more waking up to a bell, no more meal s prepared for him, and no more sweeping streets. Then as he walked through the forest he cam e too river he stopped and looked in the water for the first time in his whole life he saw ha t he looked like. When he saw his reflection it surprised him he did not look like his brothers h e looked stronger than his brothers who looked short and fragile. The next day in the forest he had heard footsteps behind him he turned around and it was Liberty. She had heard of what he did d and followed his path into the forest. While in the forest Equality hugged Liberty and realized t hat holding the body of a woman was not shameful. They walked for many days the farther t hey went from the city the safer they felt. â€Å"Everything which comes from the many is good. Every thing that come from one is evil. † Any Rand wrote this in the end of the ninth chapter when CEQ laity begins to doubt everything he has learned in the city. The mountains represented a en w beginning. In the mountains Equality and Liberty found a house left from the unmentionable it sees. In the house there are many things they have never seen before like mirrors, light bulbs, a library full of books, and nice clothes. They promise to never leave the house and they claim m it as theirs. They learn the word I while reading books from the huge library. Equality also name sees Liberty and himself, while reading through a book he learns of Prometheus who was a ma n who stole fire from the gods and taught men use the power of gods. Prometheus was punish heed as are all who bring light to men. He also reads of Gage who mother of the gods and of earth h. How to cite The Fountainhead and Anthem Essay Anthem, Essays

Innocence in to Kill a Mockingbird free essay sample

Innocence, or the loss of innocence, is a theme that permeates many great works of literature. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is no exception. The novel compares many of its characters to mockingbirds, a symbol of pure innocence. Two of the most prominent of the novel’s mockingbirds are Tom Robinson, a black man wrongly accused and convicted of rape, and Boo Radley, an outcast from society who spends his days like a hermit locked up in his house. Tom provides something beneficial to society through his work and family, and contributes to the town as a whole much like a mockingbird’s ballad, while Boo remains separate from the society of Maycomb County, and barely contributes to it. Additionally, Tom tries to protect himself and his family from society’s prejudices by telling the truth in a court of law, and is killed for it, while Boo kills Bob Ewell to protect his â€Å"family† of Jem and Scout from Bob’s attack, showing a loss of innocence in Boo. We will write a custom essay sample on Innocence in to Kill a Mockingbird or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These two arguments prove that Tom Robinson is a better representative of the symbolic mockingbird than Boo Radley. Scout and Jem, who are the main characters of the novel, learn from their father, Atticus Finch, that to kill a mockingbird is a sin. When asking their neighbour, Miss Maudie Atkinson, why this is so, she replies â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. (94) Tom Robinson is a better representation of the mockingbird because he contributes to society, whereas Boo Radley remains a hermit for the majority of the book, only coming out on one occasion during the novel. Tom Robinson is a dedicated member of the First Purchase Church, works for Mr. Link Deas in his field all year round, and tries to help Bob Ewell’s daughter, Mayel la, on numerous occasions out of the goodness of his heart, shown through his testimony in court during chapter 19, where he says â€Å"I was glad to do it, Mr. Ewell didn’t seem to help her none, and neither did the chillun, and I knowed she didn’t have no nickels to spare. † (194) This shows he is similar to the mockingbird by giving something away because he is a wholly good person. In contrast to this, Boo Radley only leaves his house once, and while he does take care of Jem and Scout and give them presents, he does not contribute to society as a whole. This shows that Tom is a much better representation of the mockingbird because he contributes to society, while Boo does not. Both Tom Robinson and Boo Radley were persecuted by the legal and social systems of Maycomb County. Boo is allowed to go free for his crimes simply because he is white, whereas Tom is convicted of a crime he never committed, raping Mayella, because he is black and is killed as a result of the colour of his skin. Additionally, the novel ends after Boo kills Bob Ewell, who is attacking Jem and Scout. Boo is allowed to go free, without trial. Tom, who defends his family’s way of life as well as his own life by telling the truth in court and remaining honest in the face of prejudice and racism, is killed because society cannot believe that his word is correct over a white woman’s. Boo, on the other hand, kills a man to protect his own family, and is allowed to continue living his life in solitude with no repercussions. Scout comments, after Sheriff Heck Tate tells her father, Atticus, that Bob Ewell fell on his knife, and that there will be no trial for his murder, that â€Å"Well, it’d be sort of like shootin a mockingbird, wouldn’t it? (279) While this quote does ring true, and shows that Boo is an innocent character, it also acts as a foil to Tom Robinson, who was shot. This quote shows that Tom is a much better representation of the mockingbird in the novel, because while putting Boo on trial would be like shooting a mockingbird, Tom was actually shot, just like the metaphorical mockingbird . Boo is forced to kill; Tom is killed. Boo’s murder of Bob Ewell shows a loss of innocence in his character, and highlights the tragedy of Tom being killed, as Tom’s death is the true sin of this novel. Tom Robinson is more representative of the symbolic mockingbird than Boo Radley. This is because Tom contributes more to society than Boo through his work, family, and honesty, and because he is persecuted for crimes he never committed and dies as a result of his conviction, simply because of his skin colour and the prejudices that exist in the southern community of Maycomb County concerning black people. Boo, on the other hand, is not convicted or tried for his crimes, and is allowed to carry on his way of life even after murdering a man. The death of Bob Ewell at the hands of Boo shows a loss of innocence in Boo. The fact that Boo does not contribute very much to society and the people around him further weakens Boo’s comparison to the mockingbird, and makes Tom a much better representation of the metaphor. This theme of the mockingbird, or innocence, is one of the central themes of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, and speaks to society as a whole on the subject of the destruction of innocence.

The Greek Hero vs The AngloSaxon Hero Essay Example

The Greek Hero vs The AngloSaxon Hero Essay The Greek Hero vs.The Anglo-Saxon Hero The hero stands as an archetype of who we should be and who we wish to be. However, the hero has inherent flaws which we do not wish to strive towards.In literature, these flaws are not used as examples of what we should be but rather as examples of what not to be.This is especially dominant in the Greek hero. While the Greek hero follows his fate, making serious mistakes and having a fairly simple life, the Anglo-Saxon super hero tries, and may succeed, to change his fate, while dealing with a fairly complex life. The Greek hero is strong and mighty while his wit and intelligence are highly valued.In the Greek tragedy, the hero struggles to avoid many flaws.Among these flaws are ambition, foolishness, stubbornness, and hubris-the excessive component of pride.He must overcome his predestined fate-a task which is impossible.From the beginning of the tale, it is already clear that the hero will ultimately failwith the only way out being d eath.In Oedipus, the hero is already confronted with a load of information about his family and gouges his eyes out.At this point, when he tries to outwit his fate he has already lost The Anglo-Saxon hero must also deal with his fate but tries, and usually succeeds, to change it.While the Greek hero battles his fate with his excessive pride and intelligence, the Anglo-Saxon hero tries to eliminate his doom by force.The Anglo-Saxon hero is considered a barbarian of sorts due to his sometimes unethical and immoral views and courses of action.At the end, the Anglo-Saxon succeeds in altering his fate though. The Greek hero is so normal, that the reader can relate to him.He is usually a common human being with no extraordinary life. His story seems believable, even possible.

The eNotes Blog Prose, Poetry, and Macaroni Seattles Lit Crawl2016

Prose, Poetry, and Macaroni Seattles Lit Crawl2016 Lit Crawl is Seattle, WAs biggest and baddest annual event of poetry and prose readings. With 15 venues, 35 readings, and 5 phases, Lit Crawl is a massive uplift of local voices and art, as well as the perfect niche for a literary nerd. We  went to the first four  phases, and were blown away by the showcase of talent. In case you missed live documenting the event on our Instagram,  weve recapped some highlights. First up  was the Poetry Northwest  reading in downtown Seattle at a place called Folio: The Seattle Athenaeum. Folio is housed in the same building as the YMCA Central Branch Building; as poet Jane Wong mentioned, you could smell the chlorine of the YMCA pool from the small library we were in. This aquatic touch was fitting, because the president of the Seattle Cephalopod Appreciation Society and my former professor, Sierra Nelson, read first. Then Megan Snyder-Camp read her nature-filled prose poetry, followed by a reading by Jane Wong, author of the poetry collection Over Pour. We hopped on the light rail  and made our  way over for  Phase 2 at  the next venue, Vermillion- a bar that doubles as an arcade and art gallery (score!). This reading was hosted by Natasha Marin, creator of the Reparations Project, which encourages white people to support people of color in their communities. This reading featured a number of emotionally provocative, local poets, including Robert Lashley, Imani Sims, Anastacia Renee, Quenton Baker, Sakara Remmu, and Andy Yun. Even though the room was PACKED (most audience members could barely see the performers) their voices were powerful enough to keep the audience  engaged. The performers focused a lot on themes of being a person of color  in American systems and breaking down white fragility and guilt. Jessica Mooney, Neal Thompson  (top); Jean Burnet, Jeanine Walker  (bottom) For Phase 3 we  walked a block away to the Cheap Beer and Prose series of Lit Crawl. Cheap Beer and Prose is often done at Hugo House, but this time it was held at the Velocity DanceCenter. Jean Burnet, Jessica Mooney, and Neal Thompson, read from their short story collections and memoirs  while the hilarious Jeanine Walker hosted. For the final phase (for us) we went back to Vermillion Art Gallery and Bar and saw Steph Kesey present her series Hey There, Macaroni to an audience for the first time. The series went through the phases of love and rejection by means of animated  macaroni GIFs. It was an eye-opening and genuine collection that was originally meant as an act of love for her close  friend’s experiences with love and loss. Kesey plans to drop her  macaroni GIFs for the whole world to enjoy on January 1  (follow her progress on Instagram). Did you attend this years Seattle Lit Crawl? Wed love to hear your experiences in the comments below!

Assault Or Discipline

Attack or Penalty When explaining the physical quarrel between two adults, the term is attacked and beaten. Attacks on individuals not only have a direct influence, but in severe cases their impact lasts for a lifetime. In any of the 50 states, people over the age of 18 are intentionally attacked, strikes and corporal punishment are criminal proceedings. However, the law does not apply to the physical forces used by minors. Spanking, whip, paddling are general references to this form of punishment. Using physical violence and self-esteem, Pearson's relevance is in the use of strict discipline and parenting practices, the use of strict discipline and the use of father's physical assault, and the use of strict discipline and pride. Table 1 shows the correlation between strict discipline and parenting style. Table 2 shows the correlation between strict discipline and self-esteem, and the correlation between strict discipline and the use of physical attacks. Discipline style of parents: Study on the influence of university youth development Attack or Penalty When explaining the physical quarrel between two adults, the term is attacked and beaten. Attacks on individuals not only have a direct influence, but in severe cases their impact lasts for a lifetime. In any of the 50 states, people over the age of 18 are intentionally attacked, strikes and corporal punishment are criminal proceedings. However, the law does not apply to the physical forces used by minors. Spanking, whip, paddling are some general references. Fines for criminal attacks are fine, imprisonment, or both. Punishment becomes more serious as attacks become more intense. Many states have enacted rules to classify criminal acts into various degrees. As with serious attacks, the severity of the crime, the degree of violence and injury, and the criminal intent of the defendant are the factors determining the judgment. 1) v. As long as the target knows the danger, regardless of whether it succeeds or not, it attempts to threaten or attack others. Attackers must be able to attack reasonably. In some states, if the attack is to use a fatal weapon (like a rifle and a rifle), the intended victim need not know the danger. In other state laws, different degrees of attack (first or second) are distinguished, depending on whether actual blows, injuries, or just threats exist.

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS REQUIRES AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FROM MANAGEMENT Essay

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS REQUIRES AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FROM MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Guidelines are drawn to assist the employee understanding of the goal and objectives set by the management, more so, information is given to help the employees while taking corrective action and they are further given advise on how to go about bargaining their terms of employments, legislation and regulation. Employees relations is some times confused or used as a synonym for industrial relation since it deal with the relationship of workers and management and the conduct of workers in the in work place. To understand the employee relations, one must start by understanding the legal frame work in the work place, and then consider the social psychological influence aspect part of the employee in terms of trust, communication and commitment. In deep understanding of the employee relations, it's important to consider factors that influence the employer employee relationship Globalization is one of the factors affecting the employee relations, otherwise known as the industrial relations. Strategic management is important because changes in employee relations has resulted to increased bargaining power of the employees, flexibility in working time as well as changing job functions and this has occurred due to the increase in competition, product processes changes due to consumer awareness combined with the increasing essence in quality, productivity and skills. An integration of all these factors has had impact on the practices and policies of the management. While managing change in the firm, the employee involvement in making sure the change is effected is very important while the management has to ensure that the skills processed by the employees are compatible with those required in the market to meet the customer needs. The results of globalization are that:- Countries have become more interdependent economically than before due to the breakdown of barriers of trade hence they cannot become self reliant. Governments have been unable to control information, technology and capital flow across the boundaries. Markets are now not regulated allowing the goods, services and capital to integrate like the European Union Companies are becoming global entities which are forming the global webs due to de-nationalization of firms The firms have discovered the importance of remaining competitive in the market b y producing high quality services and goods A strategic human resource management is essential in making sure the objectives of production of high quality products, ability to counter fast to the dynamics of the market and continuous innovation are attained, and this can only be achieved through employee training, involvement and intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, this making the employee relations to be of paramount importance in management. In many firms which include the general motors, the employee relations are taken to consist of five values which have enabled the management to succeed in achieving its objectives, these are: How the works are organize Acquisition skills and development of employees Compensation and pay processes and structures Security arrangements on employment and staffing Labor management issues With the increased importance of the employee relations, the human resources is has shifted it focus to quality, innovation and reduction of the cost. The importance of human resource management (HRM) is reflected in the personnel management in the firms. Employee

Internet and Security Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internet and Security - Coursework Example He notes that the precise tools that are used for flattening the world (technology) are the same tool that can be used to unflatten the world. Responsible use of technology builds the universe while the selfish use of the same technology destroys the world and keeps societies distant. The other security concern is the economic security of the American people. The author expresses concerns that the American place as the economic powerhouse is threatened because of the attitude of the citizens and the government. The government spends mindlessly on wars and neglects the fundamental economy of the states. The citizens, on the other hand, idolize ideas and opinions that cannot bring economic growth to the nation. They, for example, idolize Britney Spears while their serious competitors idolize the resourceful Bill Gates (Friedman, 32). Social injustice in the global economic system: Thomas notes that the flattened world has caused a caste-like system where wealthy states are getting rich er while the poor countries are languishing in more poverty. Trade is focused between rich states while the poor countries are sidelined. The concern is that populations in poor nations will languish in perpetual poverty. Misuse of borrowed technology: The author loves the rate of labor transfer and the numbers of people coming from other countries in quest of knowledge in the USA. He regrets the misuse of this acquired knowledge, for example, in the 9/11n attack. The mastermind of the attacks, Osama, received his education in the US. The third ethical question insinuated in the story is unlawful labor outsourcing. It creates jobs for some but breeches professional ethos in some areas. By the time of publication of the book, there were no stringent laws regulating the business. An example is the online writing of assignments for some students by others.

Globalism, Localism, and the Expansion of Tradition Essay Example for Free

Globalism, Localism, and the Expansion of Tradition Essay Owing to the rapid technological advancement and the global movement of people, there has been an uncontrolled promotion (or ‘shedding’) of cultural practices to new cultural spaces across the globe. People abandon their traditional practices and become modern or cosmopolitan to an extent of disowning their cultures of origin. This paper seeks to explore the extent to which the Hn? a? hn? u of Hidalgo, Mexico and Clearwater, Florida, are victims of this trend. Thesis The Hn? a? hn? u people have successfully pursued the problems of desolation and abject poverty. Facing them now is the challenge of globalism and modernization at the expense of detruncating their cultural elements. Their mode of pursuit of this challenge of ethnic and cultural fragmentation and modernist homogenization is quite fascinating, leaving the reader waddling in disillusionment. Main points The once marginalized Hn? a? hn? u people are now subjected to the forces of modernity and globalism. With technological advancement, the Hn? a? hn? u people now have a relatively better access to electricity, phones and other modes of communication, thus easing and promoting knowledge through interacting with other communities. A study by Schmidt, (2007) postulates that people’s â€Å"degree of access to the outside world† determines their exchange levels for cultural elements. In Hidalgo, â€Å"the levels of ‘male-out migration’ have gone beyond 70%† (Schmidt, 2007). This provides a clear implication on the levels cultural exchange among the Hn? a? hn? u people and their neighboring communities. The Hn? a? hn? us’ pursuit of modernity and globalism while upholding their cultural tenets is a complex process that eludes facile explanations, (Baumann, 1975). Analysis Schmidt divides his article into three distinct sections. In the first section, he gives a brief outline of the history of the Hn? a? hn? u. In this section, Schmidt postulates that the Hn? a? hn? u have been living in the Mezquital Valley (State of Hidalgo, Mexico) since around 250 BC. An intense conquest by the Aztecs and Spaniards, among others, made the Hn? a? hn? u to flee to the â€Å"most arid and desolate areas of the valley† (Schmidt, 2007). This was a major economic challenge for the Hn? a? hn? u, and hence like many other ethnic minorities in the world, the Hn? a? hn? u lived in desolation and abject poverty. Efforts by the Mexican government to flee the Hn? a? hn? u from the problem of desolation and poverty received an overwhelming resistance from the different regional and local factions. It was not until the 1970s when Mun? oz-a newly appointed anthropologist, in an effort to restore the dignity and a sense of agency to the Hn? a? hn? u, changed the nature of the interactions between them and the PIVM, (Baumann, 1975). The second section of Schmidt’s article discusses the politics of â€Å"selective cultural reception and appropriation that challenge the purported hegemony of the globe† (Schmidt, 2007). Despite criticism by the Mexican elite, the Hn? a? hn? u represent a powerful instance of re appropriation of cultural symbols and social and cultural space, Appadurai, A. (1996). A critical analysis of their history not only illustrates their resilience but also questions the possibility of a hegemonic power to impose and shape differences into monolithic entities ignoring local agencies and their intermediations with history, gender, class, ethnicity, and the counter-power relations that ensue. Some time the Hn? a? hn? u tried to carve out spaces and build political power within and without the state (Langer and Mun? oz, 2003). These can be referred to as politics of reception, appropriation and reproduction which represent an effort to build and uphold a new sense of cultural and political empowerment both within and beyond the Mexican and American states. At present, the Hn? a? hn? u have migrated and are using electronic media for remitting information. This has not only sped up the mutual processes of cultural negotiation and appropriation but also symbolizes a new sense of the global as modern and the modern as global, (Appadurai, 1996, p. 10). In the third section, Schmidt describes two processes which portray the dialectic process a politics of reception and appropriation that selectively (re)formulates and (re)negotiates the local and the global as co-constituents of (re)defined socio-spatial locations which defy rigid geopolitical boundaries of both (Schmidt, 2007). These two instances are Radio Bilingu? e and Mujeres Reunidas. Schmidt illustrates how the Hn? a? hn? u are transforming to modernity at the same time upholding their indigenous values and identities. For example, in an effort to promote the Mexican culture and Spanish language, community leaders are trained in the bilingual indigenous schools, (Baumann, 1975). Schmidt concludes the article by briefly highlighting the dialectics of the ‘traditional’ that ensue. The Hn? a? hn? u are struggling to adapt to new global challenges, at the same time pursuing their own culturally and socially defined interests. The Hn? a? hn? u can be viewed as a representative of a traditional with a global flavor (Langer Mun? oz, 2003). Schmidt postulates that the traditional is not something secluded, motionless or rigid that can be fixed in a museum. This article provides an inevitable case of negotiation and transformation. â€Å"Mass emigration† (Baumann, 1975) of men from Hidalgo provides a challenge for the women to revitalize and promote the traditional Hn? a? hn? u culture through establishing of cooperatives for the traditional cottage industry. It is this process of (re) creation and (re) negotiation of the traditional that enhances localities. However, certain weaknesses stand out. The commitment of bilingual teachers and community leaders in advocating for modernity and upholding of their cultural tenets is questionable. This is due to the fact that the people are stuck to the ideological past and as such unwilling to modernize. Verdict This is quite a reflective article that any one in pursuit of modernity and globalism cannot afford to ignore. This is because globalism and modernity as postulated in this article come with ‘new’ trends. As such, it is necessary to determine the extent to which one pursues the new trend and upholds his/her cultural elements. The Hn? a? hn? u are using their tradition to help them modernize. References Schmidt, E. (2007). Whose Culture? Globalism, Localism, and the Expansion of Tradition: The Case of the Hn? a? hn? u of Hidalgo, Mexico and Clearwater, Florida. Florida: University of South Florida. Langer, E. Mun? oz, E. (2003). Contemporary Indigenous Movements in Latin America. Jaguar: Books on Latin America. Baumann, W. (1975). Economic development and culture change in an Otom village: a critical analysis. Plainfield: Goddard College Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at Large. Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Romeo And Juliet: Overview :: essays research papers

Romeo and Juliet: Overview "From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, a pair of star crossed lovers take their life." Romeo and Juliet's death was a result of many misfortunes, but they were mostly victims of the society in which they live, malignant fate, and there own passions. Romeo and Juliet are members of two families that are each others two biggest enemies, there both rich families and with that comes expectations that you are expected to live up to. If something was done incorrectly or a wrongful action was taken, the consequences for that action might be different from a person who was not as rich, because people look up to the Capulet's and the Montague's and will more likely follow them, and want to be like them more then a poorer person. Therefore Romeo and Juliet are influenced by this and marriage with a member of the enemy could result in being looked down upon in your family, cause even more anarchy between the two families or possibly banishment from your house. They are victims of this because if their families did know of this marriage, they would have had no reason to cover up or hide anything, and there would have possibly been peace between the two families. Evil fate played a major role in the lives of Romeo and Juliet because of all the things that could have happened differently, the events that transpired just didn't flow in their direction. A few of the malignant fate situations were the servant asking Romeo to read the invitation list and inviting them to the party where the star-crossed lovers meet and fall in love, they are discovered by Tybalt and he is furious, he consults Lord Capulet, but he says let them stay. Later, Tybalt decides to take matters into his own hands and picks a fight with Romeo, but Romeo backs down and Mercutio steps up to fight Tybalt. They fight and Tybalt kills Mercutio, this results in Romeo losing his temper. Avenging Mercutio, Romeo slays Tybalt and is banished from Verona, he hides in Mantua and receives word that Juliet is dead. In turn another act of fate transpires, where Friar John cannot deliver the letter from Friar Lawrence to Romeo which says that Juliet is not really dead. So Romeo thinks Juliet is really dead and returns to Verona to kill himself. He succeeds and Juliet wakes up and finds her lover dead beside her and she kills herself as well. So fate plays a major role in the deaths of Romeo and Juliet.

Business and Administration Unit 1 Assessment 1

Unit one: Principles of personal responsibilities and working in a business environment Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number.Please note that this Assessment document has 8 pages and is made up of 7 Sections. Name: Devan Primus Business and Administration Unit 1 Assessment 1 Section 1 – Know the employment rights and responsibilities of the employee and employer 1. Identify four main points that would be included in a contract of employment. If possible, use an example contract to support your answer (feel free to obscure any confidential information). Place of employment S. Com Group Limited (Company Registration Number 02209742) whose registered office is at 800 the boulevard, Capability Green, Luton, Bedfordshire.LU1 3BA Job Title Warehouseman Start Date The date in which an employee would commence work Holidays e. g. The contractor will be entitled to accrue, on a pro rata basis, 28 days of paid holiday per year (for the avoidance of doubt the 28 days are including Bank Holidays). payments for holiday will be calculated on the basis of the Normal Rate. Holidays may only be taken with the prior written consent of S. Com. The contractor shall endeavour to co-operate with the Clients requirements at all times and any request for paid holiday should be made as far in advance as possible.The Contractor must record all authorised holiday in the relevant timesheet. 2a) List three key points of legislation that affect employers in a business environm ent. Security Data Protection Health and Safety 2b) List three key points of legislation that affect employees in a business environment. Employment Rights and Responsibilities Grievance Procedure Equal Opportunities 3. Identify a range of places where a person can find information on employment rights and responsibilities. You should identify at least two internal and two external sources of information.You can get internal information from you line manager or a representative from your trade union. You can also find external information from the government websites and libraries. 4. Describe how representative bodies can support employees. For example Trade Unions can help employees with such things as disciplinary hearings and any disputes employees have regarding wages, holidays or even changes in the work place. 5. Briefly describe employer and employee responsibilities for equality and diversity in a business environment.You should give at least two employer responsibilities a nd two employee responsibilities. If possible, provide relevant equality and diversity procedures from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. When hiring a new employee a company should never discriminate. For example if they interview a person who was over weight or from an ethnic background, they should still be considered for the job based on their skill set not their background or how they look.Also as a company stake holder’s, manager and team leaders have a responsibility to ensure and maintain equality and diversity throughout the company to make sure every employee is respected and treated fairly. Every individual employee is responsible for their own behaviour and actions. They should never make another employee feel unsafe, singled out or be unfairly treated. Any employee who is ever witness to such discrimination has a duty to report it to the relevant management without fea r of being discriminated against themselves. . Briefly explain the benefits of making sure equality and diversity procedures are followed in a business environment. Your answer should include one benefit for the employer, one benefit for the employee and one benefit for the overall organisation. Employee By offering employees training opportunities who are willing to gain extra skills to progress in their career, they will find staff will work harder and be more productive. In the long run staff will feel appreciated knowing their all being treated fairly.Employer By offering training opportunities and not discriminating in any way or form, the company can bring in talented people from all backgrounds that in turn will bring fresh and new ideas. Organisation Overall outcome for the company will see a happier work force and productivity increased possibly leading to increased profits. Section 2 – Understand the purpose of health, safety and security procedures in a business en vironment 1. Identify employer and employee responsibilities for health, safety and security.If possible, provide relevant health, safety and security policies / documents from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. An employer is responsible to ensure that all workers have a safe place to work in regards to their health and safety. They must assess any risks an employee will encounter whilst in the work place, not only this but anyone who comes into contact with their business. Risk assessments should be carried out and information given to all employees making them aware of all isks and how to deal with situations if and when they arise, this can be achieved by training staff on relevant protocols and use of equipment. It is an employees responsibility to look after themselves an that of others who may be affected by their actions at work, employee, co-workers and employer must work togethe r to ensure that everyone meets their legal requirements. If an employee has any worries about health and safety in their work place they should voice their queries to either a manager, team leader or a health and safety representative.To support my answer I have some health, safety and security polices from an old place of work. Risk Assessments/Methods Statements †¢ Make sure you know what hazards exist before you start work. Have them communicated to you. †¢ Always follow instructions given to you by your line manager/supervisor. †¢ Risk assessments/method statements have been completed for your protection and are there to create awareness of the hazards you may be subjected to. Ask to read the assessments before you commence work. Machinery and Equipment Use only serviced and tested equipment †¢ Use the machinery or equipment for the purpose it is intended. †¢ Know the location of the cut off switch. †¢ Ensure that you have been trained and authoris ed to use that item of machinery or equipment. †¢ If defective equipment is found, clearly mark it, ensure no one else can use it and report it to your line manager/supervisor. †¢ Read instructions carefully before operation. If in doubt ask. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) †¢ You must co-operate with PALL by wearing PPE to combat potential hazards. Factory floor employees must provide their own safety boots and overalls. †¢ Protective eye goggles are to be worn at all times on the factory floor. 2. Explain the purpose of following health, safety and security procedures in a business environment. Following these procedures is very vital for a company, keeping its staff safe is a main priority when it comes to health, safety and security. Keeping employee’s information confidential meeting legal responsibilities in regards to the data protection act, also protecting staff from personal attack or assault. . Describe three different ways of maintaining a safe and secure business environment. Three different ways of maintaining a safe and secure business could be †¢ Using passwords on computers to stop unauthorised access †¢ Making sure valuables are locked away and kept out of sight †¢ Reporting any security issues to the appropriate person Section 3 – Understand how to communicate effectively with others 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of different methods of communication.You should include two verbal, two non-verbal and two written methods of communication. |Methods of communication |Description | |Verbal communication |1. Standing in front of colleagues giving a presentation. | | | | | | | |2. Having a conversation over the telephone. | | | | | | | |Non-verbal communication |1.Body language i. e. facial expression and peoples attitudes. | | | | | | | | |2. persons posture or hand movements | | | | | | | |Written communication |1.Writing an email to a colleague | | | | | | | | |2. ending a letter to a client | | | | | | | 2. Using two specific examples, explain how to choose the most appropriate method of communication to meet your needs and the needs of others.If you had a deadline to meet and had to make changes at the last minute to a project, you would need to inform all relevant people of the changes as soon as possible. The most appropriate method would be verbal communication as sending an email for instance may get to all recipients to late. Written communication is a most appropriate method when detailed information or instructions are required, for example a client or business associate is far away to easily speak to over the phone or in person. 3. Describe at least two ways of actively listening. Showing eye contact is a good way to show that you are listening to someone when they talking. †¢ Also writing down notes and questions to be asked at the appropriate time. Section 4 – Understand how to work with and support colleag ues 1. Explain the purpose of agreeing standards for your own work. Give at least two reasons. If the employee agrees to work place standards it gives the employee a better understanding of what is expected of them, this also enables them to keep track of their own progress and performance.Work place standards are set and known by managers, if employees don’t stick to them this could lead to employees interpreting the own ways of doing things causing conflict between themselves and other colleagues. 2. Explain the purpose of taking on new challenges and being able to adapt to change at work. Being able to take on new challenges at work would make you more valuable to an organisation, if you are more willing to learn new skills and progress with the company you could find yourself in a new job role with more responsibility.There are many reasons for change in the work place and most of these are made to make the organisation be more efficient for themselves, employees, clients and to stay inline with the ever changing legal requirements. 3. Explain the purpose of treating others with honesty and consideration. As the saying goes ‘do unto others as you would expect them to do unto you’. If u treat everybody the same with honesty and respect they will show you the same in return. This will make the work place and its employees run more smoothly with fewer hiccups.Every person is an individual and has their own problems but if you show respect they are more likely to open up and in turn begin to trust. This doesn’t mean you have to agree with them but shows you are willing to listen to their opinions and ideas, in the long run things can be achieved which will benefit everyone. Section 5 – Know how to plan own work and be accountable to others 1. Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when completing tasks in a business environment. It is important to stick to work standards and deadlines in a company as failu re to do so could to adverse outcomes for the organisation.Every body has their duties and responsibilities and if they are not executed properly it can have a knock on effect and lead to the loss of clients and not hitting set out targets. 2. Describe two different methods that you can use to plan your own work in a business environment. By planning your work before starting a task you’re making yourself aware of what need to be achieved. You can do this by prioritising your work load getting the more important aspects done first and the lesser important task after.Avoiding any distractions that will cause you to lose site of what you have to achieve in a set timescale, this could be stopping to chat or other colleagues asking you to do trivial task which could be done at a later time, apologise and continue with your work. 3. Describe ways of keeping other people informed about progress and compare their effectiveness. What are the benefits and drawbacks of each approach? T elephone conversation You can keep your manager informed by telephone to update him/her on your progress.He or she will get all the information they need quicker but by communicating in this way it could lead to missed out information Meetings This is a good way of informing your manager and colleagues of your progress. The only draw back is its a little time consuming; nether the less you can fill your manager in with all the relevant information and also give an estimated completion time, if you feel you won’t get the job completed on time you can ask your manager for an extension. Section 6 – Understand the purpose of improving own performance in a business environment and how to do so 1.Explain the purpose of continuously improving your performance in a business environment. Continuing to improve your own performance can lead to better prospects for an employee. The better an employee is at their job the more chance of possible training, promotion or pay rise and h ave a long-term affect on their career prospects. This will make an employee constantly think about what they can achieve and end up with job satisfaction. 2. Describe at least two ways of improving your performance at work. Where relevant, illustrate your answer with specific examples from your own experience.Set yourself career targets as to where you would like to be in life. Try to take on extra responsibility at work and show team leaders/managers that you are capable of hard word. In previous employment I worked harder and it paid off, I was given extra responsibility to run a team of colleagues in the restaurant and make sure my section ran as smoothly as possible. 3. Briefly describe at least two different types of career pathways that may be available to you. I could take on a higher position in my current employment whether that is a team leader, supervisor or manager preferably a managerial position.Other options available to me could be in sales or even IT. Section 7 â⠂¬â€œ Understand the types of problems that may occur in a business environment and how to deal with them 1. Identify at least two different types of problems that can occur in a business environment. A minor incident could be that a customer had booked a table at your restaurant and on arrival be told that there is no reservation on the computer system. This could easily be resolved by apologising to the customer and getting them a new table as quick as possible.A major incident could be that a customer has had a serious trip or fall on the premises and for this type of incident I would call a manager. I feel a manager with more experience than myself would be better at handling this kind of situation in regards to legal obligation and how best to assist the customer. 2. Complete the table below by describing at least two specific problems that can occur at work and how they can be dealt with. |Problem |Dealing with the problem | |1.A customer has been waiting a long time for a me al they had |Go over to the customer and apologise for the delay and with the say| |ordered. |so from my manager offer a complimentary drink. | | | | | | | | | | |2.A customer has a complaint about a meal received from the |Speak to the customer and indentify what the problem is, take the | |kitchen. |food back to the kitchen and explain what is wrong with the food. | | |Ask the customer if they would like a replacement or prefer a | | |refund. | | | 3. Complete the table below by listing at least two problems you are able to deal with yourself and two problems you would need to refer to others to deal with (and how you would refer these problems). |Problems I can deal with: |Problems I would need to refer to others: |How are problems referred to others? | |1. |1. | |Customer toilets have run out of toilet roll. |A cooker in the kitchen has stopped working. |Ring maintenance explain the situation and | | | |ask for help | | | | | | | | |2. |2. | | |There’s a spill age in the kitchen. |You know of a colleague bullying another |Raise awareness to the relevant superior | | |member of staff. |manager. | | | | | | | | | | | | Once you have completed all 7 Sections of this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking.

Slave Culture- African or American

Despite the abduction of millions of blacks from their homeland, slaves developed a strong familial camaraderie in America, retaining their African traditions as seen through dance, language, clothing and hairstyle. Although kinship ties were usually broken during the slavery process, blacks living on the same plantation created a strong-knit community that took part in festivals that highlighted the vibrant music and dancing of the African culture. Additionally, blacks expressed the individuality and uniqueness of their African tribe through their clothing and distinct hairstyles. The constant influx of black slaves into America guaranteed the survival of the African culture, as more and more generations of slaves replenished the African heritage (Yacavone 570). Although most evidence suggests slave culture was rooted in Africa, slave advocacy in adopting Christianity supports the theory of their assimilation into American culture. In dealing with the hardships of slavery, blacks endeavored in numerous efforts of rebellion and escape to avoid assimilation into the American culture. Nat Turner’s revolt embodied African resistance towards American tradition, as Turner sought to free his fellow slaves from oppression and achieve a sense of equality, as seen through the eyes of God (eblackstudies. org). As a result of enslavement, blacks became united in times of resistance, as their â€Å"ethnic heritage bonded and emboldened them and underlay their New World identity as ‘Africans,’ forged in their common struggle (Rucker 285). Similar to the tightly bonded African extended family, slaves exhibited strong camaraderie during times of escape, as it was common for Africans to leave in bands of six or more people (Couvares 290). Slave participation in communal festivals each year promoted the existence of the lively African culture, as they congregated by the hundreds to perform rituals, sing, and dance. The Pinkster festival featured a mass assembly of blacks that would dance to the â€Å"hollow Sound of a Drum, made of the Trunk of a hollow Tree†¦the grating rattling Noise of Pebles [sic] or Shells in a small Basket† (White 8). Music along with dancing took various shapes and forms as the Jonkonnu festival reflected the African importance of nature, as it was accompanied with â€Å"songs strange, monotonous cadences† (Warren 9). Slaves were also successful in maintaining their African dialects, which â€Å"not only allowed them to endure the collective tragedy of slavery, but to bequeath a notable and enduring heritage to generations to come (Joyner 280). Slaves also exhibited their allegiance to the African culture through their clothing and hairstyle. Hair was regarded as one of the most important parts of the body for Africans as â€Å"elaborate hair designs reflect[ed] tribal affiliation, status, sex, age, [and] occupation† (White 49). In addition, hairstyles conveyed different messages to society and nature, as people of the Yoruba culture braided their hair to send messages to the gods (Wiki). Similarly, African-American women made cloth that incorporated the West African ideals of design, using radiant colors to embody the highly spirited culture (Thompson 170). Although blacks maintained several traditions of their past African culture, many slaves gave up their pagan beliefs and adopted Christianity in order to gain a sense of belonging in the new American culture. Christianity became an Americanizing force on slaves not only because it served an opportunity for them to escape the white encroachment towards their African religion, but it also â€Å"fit into West African ideas about the deities, the universe, and rebirth (Frey 282). Likewise, blacks were so quick to adopt Christianity because it acculturated them into American society with a feeling of equality among their white counterparts (Raboteau 283). Despite many blacks retaining their past cultural traditions, the goal in converting slaves to Christianity was successful as â€Å"slaves turned not to traditional African sources of wisdom and solace but to Christianity for a useful and restorative understanding of daily life† (Couvares 283).

What Should Be Included in a Recommendation Letter

What Should Be Included in a Recommendation Letter Before we get into what should be included in a recommendation letter, lets explore different types of recommendation letters and take a look at who writes them, who reads them, and why theyre important.   Definition A recommendation letter is a type of letter that describes the qualifications, achievements, character, or capabilities of an individual. Recommendation letters are also known as: Letters of recommendationReference lettersJob referencesAcademic referencesCharacter referencesLetters of reference Who Writes Them People who write recommendation letters typically do so at the request of an individual who is applying for a job or a space in an academic program (like a college of business school degree program). Recommendation letters may also be written as character evidence for legal trials or other situations requiring investigation or assessment of a persons character. Who Reads Them People who read recommendation letters do so in hopes of learning more about the individual in question. For example, an employer may ask for a recommendation to learn more about a job applicants work ethic, social aptitude, past work responsibilities, and professional skills or achievements. Business school admissions committees, on the other hand, may read business school recommendations to assess a program applicants leadership potential, academic capability, work experience, or creative abilities. What Should Be Included There are three things that should be included in every recommendation letter: A paragraph or sentence explaining how you know the person you are writing about and the nature of your relationship with them.An honest evaluation of the persons characteristics, skills, capabilities, ethics, or accomplishments, preferably with specific examples.A statement or summary that explains why you would recommend the person you are writing about. 1. Nature of the Relationship The relationship of the letter writer and the person being recommended is important. Remember, the letter is meant to be an evaluation, so if the writer is not familiar with the person that they are writing about, they cant offer an honest or thorough evaluation. At the same time, the recommender shouldnt be  too  close or familiar with the person being recommended.  For example, mothers should not write job or academic recommendations for their children because mothers are essentially obligated to say nice things about their children. A simple sentence describing the relationship is a good way to start the letter. Lets look at a few examples: I have worked as Jans direct supervisor for the last five years.Eddie was in my AP English class last year.I was Jamals debate coach for three years.I met Amy three years ago at the community food bank where we both volunteer.   2. The Evaluation/Assessment The bulk of the recommendation letter should be an evaluation or assessment of the person you are recommending. The exact focus will depend on the purpose of the letter. For example, if you are writing about someones leadership experience, you should focus on their role as a leader, their leadership capability, and their achievements as a leader. If, on the other hand, you are writing about someones academic potential, you might want to offer examples of that persons academic achievements or examples that demonstrate their potential and passion for learning. The person who needs the recommendation can help direct content by explaining exactly what they need the recommendation for and what aspect of themselves or their experience should be evaluated. If you are the letter writer, make sure this purpose is clear to you before you begin writing the letter. If you are the person who needs a recommendation, consider writing up a short, bulleted list that explains why you need the recommendation and the subject of the assessment. 3. The Summary The end of a recommendation letter should summarize the reason why this particular individual is being recommended for a specific job or academic program. Keep the statement simple and direct. Rely on the earlier content in the letter and identify or summarize the reason why the individual is a good fit.

Externalities in Business Economics and Oil Industry Essay

Externalities in Business Economics and Oil Industry - Essay Example The demand for oil is unlimited where the supply is limited. Consequently, the demand has continued to exceed the supply (Cashin, 2012, p.48). Externalities in economics refer to effects the consumption of a product or service has to third parties. It is also known as spill-over (Hanson, 1974, p.39). The consumption of oil is known to have externalities in that it causes environmental pollution. The gases emitted by vehicles and from industries are known to be harmful to the environment. The pollution has resulted in diseases to human beings and has caused climatic changes. The changes in climate have had far-reaching impacts on the society by causing droughts which have subjected people to poverty and hunger (Hidden costs of energy, 2010, p.70). The government has a role to play in curbing the externalities resulting from the consumption of oil. First of all the government can compel the huge consumers of oil to try and use green energy that is less harmful to the environment. Moreover, they should place a fee on the large consumers of oil who pollute the environment in order to aid the third parties affected.

Kungfu film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kungfu film - Essay Example The anti-imperial themes inherent in the Kung Fu and Wuxia films did hold much socio economic appeal in the Chinese and Western culture. It is a fact that everybody tends to harbor sympathy for the underdog. The anti imperialist and anti elite sentiments inherent in the Kung Fu and Wuxia films did appeal to the sentiments of sympathy and awe of the audiences in the Chinese and the Western culture. Both the Kung Fu and Wuxia films do feature the socially marginalized and sidelined characters that fight against the prevalent socio-economic hegemony and revolt against the dominant elite sections of the society. The audiences in the Western and Chinese culture did empathize a lot with the Kung Fu and Wuxia film heroes fighting against the prevalent prejudice, social marginalization and racial discrimination. By doing so these heroes voiced the concerns of the undergo that primarily contributed to their appeal amidst the Chinese and Western audience. Both the Kung Fu and Wuxia films featu re central characters that raise a voice against the elite segments of the society. Thereby it is readily feasible to understand the grass root appeal of these movies in the Western and Chinese culture. The Kung Fu and Wuxia movies did cater to the sentiments of the working class in the Chinese and the Western cultures. Thereby, they accrue immense appeal and following amongst the working class audience. These films did allow them a chance to catharsis and vent out their repressed grudge and anger against a socio economic system dominated by the rich and the

Research Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Design - Assignment Example The design is appropriate since it reviews high-quality randomized controlled trials, which are key to evidenced-based medicine. Additionally, the design aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of recent literature from scientifically recognized databases. Blueman and Bousfield utilized several online databases while conducting the review. Some of the databases that they used include Medline, British Nursing Index, Athens, EMBASE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing (Blueman, & Bousfield, 2012). Since this type of design often utilizes transparent and objective approach to research synthesis and aims at minimizing bias, makes it appropriate for exploring the particular research question. Blueman and Bousfield concluded that the study provided strong evidence that link the use of larvae therapy to reducing the bacterial load in chronically infected wounds (2012). The authors, Blueman, and Bousfield acknowledge the limitations of this particular study. They point the application of liquid medium for studies that utilized live maggots as a key limitation. Additionally, they note the lack of standardization for the ecological niche of the bacteria as a

Commercialized Buddhism in modern China Research Paper

Commercialized Buddhism in modern China - Research Paper Example Shaolin temples are ideal examples of commercialized Buddhism in modern China because of how they apply business values and models to their management philosophy and various monastery and outside activities. Shaolin Temple, in Songshan Mountain, Henan Province, is the oldest and most important of all Buddhist temples, though there are now 10 Shaolin temples in China. In this paper, â€Å"Shaolin Temple† refers to the oldest temple, while Shaolin temples refer to all temples. It analyzes how the commercialization of Buddhism in China affects Buddhism’s image, principles, and practices. Buddhism’s modern acculturation process, primarily through the commercial management of Shaolin temples in Chinas, paradoxically extends and damages its identity because of the growing importance of capitalism in its mindset and the increasing centrality of profits and political interests as its ends, although the same capitalistic mindset does allow for it to exploit modern devices for its goal of educating the public about Buddhism and Shaolin cultures. Shaolin temples are the houses of worship for Buddhists that have become thriving business communities too. The management of Shaolin temples still occurs through abbots. Abbots nowadays work with commercial interests in mind. Ming Xu describes how abbots earn profits through absorbing the capitalism model in the running of their temples. For instance, temples charge for admission to pay for monastery expanses and for supporting its various activities that spread Shaolin and Buddhism cultures all over the world (Xu). This is part of the many money-making efforts of temples, which abbots justify as necessary to the spreading of Buddhism because Buddhism cannot be taught without having food and resources for its teachers and students. Furthermore, Shaolin Temple also actively organizes Shaolin festivals to promote Buddhism. It is now

The Pigeonhole Principle Forms

The Pigeonhole Principle Forms PIGEONHOLE PRINCIPLE. Student redefine this as common sense behind this basic idea of this mathematical principle; if there are n objects to be positioned in m receptacles (with m < n), at least two of the items must go into the same box. Whereas the idea is commonsensical, in the hands of a capable mathematician it can be made to do extraordinary things. There is one of the most famous applications of Pigeonhole Principle which theres at least two people in New York City with the same number of hairs on their head. The principle itself is attributed to Dirichlet in 1834, although he in fact used the term Schubfachprinzip. The same maxim is often named in honour of Dirichlet who used it in solving Pells equation. The pigeon seems to be a fresh addition, as Jeff Millers web site on the first use of some math words gives, Pigeon-hole principle occurs in English in Paul Erdà ¶s and R. Rado, A partition calculus in set theory, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 62 (Sept. 1956). In a recent debate on a history group Julio Cabillon added that there are a variety of names in different countries for the idea. His list incorporated, Le principe des tiroirs de Dirichlet, French for the principle of the drawers of Dirichlet Principio da casa dos pombos in Portuguese for the house of pigeons principle Das gavetas de Dirichlet for the drawers of Dirichlet. Dirichlets principle The Box principle Zasada szufladkowa Dirichleta which mean the principle of the drawers of Dirichlet in Polish Schubfach Prinzip which mean drawer principle in German INTRODUCTION Lets make this thing easier by visualize some common daily awkward moment which related to Pigeonhole Principle. Sometimes, I wake up and get ready for classes early in the morning. But then, the room still dark and my room-mate still in sleep. Let see, I have socks of three different colours in my drawer and to be found in messy order. So, how can I pick a matching pair of same coloured socks in most convenient way without disturbing my partners (which mean turning on the light)? A simple math will overcome this problem. I just have to get only 4 socks from the drawer! Of course its the Pigeonhole Principle applied in the real life. So, what is Pigeonhole Principle then? Let put an example to demonstrate this principle. For instance, there are 3 pigeonholes around. There are 4 pigeon and each of them holds one mail. The pigeons are delivering the mails and have to place all of its mails into available pigeonholes. With only 3 pigeonholes around, there clear to be 1 pigeonhole with at least 2 mails! Thus, the general rule states when there are k pigeonholes and there are k+1 mail, then they will be 1 pigeonhole with at least 2 mails. A more complex version of the principle will be the following: If mn + 1 pigeons are positioned in n pigeonholes, then there will be at least one pigeonhole with m + 1 or more pigeons in it. However, this Pigeonhole Principle tells us nothing about how to locate the pigeonhole that contains two or more pigeons. It only asserts the existence of a pigeonhole containing two or more pigeons. The Pigeonhole Principle sounds trifling but its uses are deceiving astonishing! Thus, in our project, we intend to learn and discover more about the Pigeonhole Principle and illustrate its numerous interesting applications in our daily life. RESULTS OF RESEARCH AND REAL WORLD EXAMPLES CASE 1 : LOSSLESS DATA COMPRESSION Lossless data compression algorithms cannot guarantee compression for all input data sets. Frankly says, for any (lossless) data compression algorithm, there will be an input data set that didnt get reduced in size when processed by the algorithm. This is effortlessly proven with elementary arithmetic using a counting argument, as follows: Assume each particular file is represented as a string of bits (in count of arbitrary length) We inference that there is a compression algorithm that transforms everything of the file into a different file which the size is reduced than the original file, and that in any case one file will be compressed into something that is shorter than itself. Let M be the least number such that there is a file F with length M bits that compresses to something shorter. Let N be the length (in bits) of the compressed version of F. F = File with length M M = Least number that compressed into something shorter N = length (in bits) in compressed version of F Since N < M, each file of length N keeps its size throughout the compression. There are 2N such files. Together with F, this makes 2N + 1 files which all compress into one of the 2N files of length N. 2N < 2N + 1 But 2N is smaller than 2N + 1, consequently from the pigeonhole principle there must be some file of length N which is at the same time, the output of the compression function on two different inputs. That file cannot be decompressed dependably (which of the two originals suppose to be yield?), which contradicts the assumption that the algorithm was lossless. Hence, we can finalize that our original hypothesis (that the compression function makes no file longer) is necessarily fallacious. For any lossless compression algorithm that turns some files shorter, must automatically make some files longer, but it is not necessary that those files become very much longer. Most practical compression algorithms provide an escape facility that can turn off the normal coding for files that would become longer by being encoded. Then the only increase in size is a few bits to let know the decoder that the normal coding has been turned off for the whole input. In example, for every 65,535 bytes of input, DEFLATE compressed files never need expansion by more than 5 bytes. In reality, for any lossless compression that reduces the size of some file, the expected length of a compressed file (averaged over all possible files of length N) must necessarily be greater than N if we consider files of length N, if all files were equally apparent. So if we dont have any idea about the properties of the data we are considering for a compressing, we probably not compress the file at all. A lossless compression algorithm is only come in handy when we are prefer to compress a particular types of files than others; after that the algorithm could be intended to compress those types of data in a much better way. Whenever opting for an algorithm always means implicitly to select a subset of all files that will become usefully shorter. This is the theoretical reason why we suppose to consider different kind of compression algorithms for different kinds of files: there are almost impossible for an algorithm that perfect for all kinds of data. Algorithms are generally quite exclusively tuned to a particular type of file such like this example; lossless audio compression programs do not work well on text files, and vice versa. Above all, files of random data cannot be consistently compressed by any likely lossless data compression algorithm: undeniably, this result is used to define the concept of randomness in algorithmic complexity theory. CASE 2 : DARTBOARD Another kind of problem requiring the pigeonhole principle to solve is those which involve the dartboard. In such questions, the general shape and size of Dartboard which are known, a given number of darts are thrown onto it. Then we determine the distance between two convinced darts is. The hardest part is to define and identify its pigeons and pigeonholes. EXAMPLE 1 On a circular dartboard of radius 10 units, seven darts are thrown. Can we prove that there will always be two darts which are at most 10 units apart? To demonstrate that the final proclamation will always true, we first have to divide the circle into six equivalent sectors as shown; Therefore, we allowing each of the sectors to be a pigeonhole and each dart to be a pigeon, we have seven pigeons to be passed into six pigeonholes. By pigeonhole principle, there will be at least one sector containing a minimum number of two darts. The statement is proven to be true in any case since the greatest distance involving two points lying in a sector would be 10 units. In actual fact, it is also possible to prove the scenario with only six darts. In such a case, the circle this time is redefined into five divided sectors and all else follows. But then, put attention that this is not always true to any further extent if we use five darts or less. EXAMPLE 2 On a dartboard which is formed as a regular hexagon of side length 1 unit, nineteen darts are then thrown. How would we prove that there will be two darts within units each other? All over again, we have to identify our pigeonholes by dividing the hexagon into six equilateral triangles as illustrated below. While the 19 darts as pigeons and with the six triangles as the pigeonholes, we uncover that there must be in any case one triangle with a minimum of 4 darts in it. Now, considering another scenario, we will have to endeavour an equilateral triangle of side 1 unit within 4 points inside. If locate all the points as far apart from each other as possible, we will come to conclusion of conveying each of the first three points to be at the vertices of the triangle. The fourth or the last point will then be exactly at the centre of the triangle. Since we realize that the distance from the centre of the triangle to each vertex is of the altitude for this triangle, that is, units, we can find that it is unquestionable potential to find two darts which are units apart within the equilateral triangle. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, although the Pigeonhole Principle seems to be simple, but, this topic is very useful in helping someone to devise and smooth the progress of calculation and proving steps for various important mathematical problems. This principle is very useful in our life although it seem so simple. This Principle also can be applied in our daily life, whether we realizes it or not. It is fun when the problem can be solved in a way that we know, by using this principle. RECOMMENDATIONS We would like to provide you some recommendation on making the Pigeonhole Principle far more interesting like: Using variety of leaning materials and variety of examples to help student to get more understand the Pigeonhole Principle. Create a well imagination of what are the real things about the Pigeonhole Principle. Search more information from the internet about the Pigeonhole Principle. Make a lot of exercise that is related about the Principle. Make a group discussion and discussed about the topic.

Jacks in the box :: essays research papers

Pericles’ Ideology of Democratic Society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Democracy of today can be traced back to the Funeral Oration speech of Pericles‘. We can outline the ideology behind democracy from his speech. Democracy is now the largest form of government to exist in today’s society. There are two forms of democracy’s that exist: Representational which is used by the United States, and Direct which allows the people to get involved and was used by the Greeks. So its said that Athenian democracy are more democratic than ours. Some even say that Pericles’ speech is the foundation of democratic society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The speech of Pericles’ was not only a tribute to those who died in battle but it was also a contrast between the warring powers of Athens and Sparta, recorded by the historian Thucydides. In Athens society it was custom for someone of the community to give an acclamation speech for those who died in war. Pericles’ was chosen and gave a spectacular speech which sounds a lot like the speeches we hear today from other leaders of a democratic government. Pericles’ speaks about the special qualities and characteristics of the Athenians, and the faults of the Spartans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme of the speech is the thought that the Athenians were able to put aside what they want and strive for the greater good of the city. They are brought together by their mutual trust and a shared desire for freedom. Athenians submit to the laws and obey the public officials not because they have to, but because they want to. Athenians had achieved something unique ,being both ruled and rulers at one and the same time. This helped to create a new type of civilian. Athenians were able to adapt to any situation and rise to any challenge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Athenian law was not all written in books, based on peoples judgment the laws were administered on the guilty. According to Pericles’ â€Å"Our Constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a model to others than imitators ourselves,† this quote shows the Constitution is an inspiration to other government systems.

Fin Understanding

Understanding the Concepts Professor Ingrain P. Nelson Fin 100 Introduction to Finance December 1, 2012 1. Imagine you are a small business owner. Determine the financial ratios that are important to the business. Compare your ratios with those that are important to a manager of a larger corporation. As a business owner, financial understanding is something that has to be studied before you decide that you are going to open or even start a new business. Small businesses in general run the finance operations of their business in a different way than the larger corporations.Most of the small businesses must rely on the personal investors or personal resources to access money needed to be a successful business. It does not matter if it is a small business or a corporation; being a successful business depends on having the capability to make more than what is being paid out. Now that we have a little understanding of what it will take to start the business; we must have knowledge of the different types of ratios that will help us with this. The main three ratios that are used in the business world are the current ratio, total debt ratio, and profit margin.The current Asia is a measure of the company ability to pay off its short-term debt as it comes due (Melcher & Norton). This ratio is computed by dividing the current assets by the current liabilities. Total debt ratio is Just what you think it is; the total amount of debt the company has. The total debt ratios are total debt or total liabilities of the business and divide it by the total assets. Profit margin is simply how much profits (money) is made during the operation or while the business was open if you had to close it down.Net income is divided by sales in order to show the profit. All of the three ratios are used to no matter how big or small your company seems to be. 2. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of debt financing and why an organization would choose to issue stocks rather than bonds to gen erate funds. If you run into the problem of the current ratio showing that you have the inability to cover the costs of the business then, debt financing may be the best solution for this problem. As we know with all financial options, there are some advantages and disadvantages of any company or business.The first advantage for debt financing is that it allows the menders or the owners of the company to maintain control and ownership of the company. A second advantage would be that the interest paid on the loan may be tax deductible depending on the type of loan. The best part is the lenders you borrow money from do not share in your profits. The main disadvantage is the risk of credit ratings getting ruined or filing for bankruptcy (Palaver, n. D. ) As an organization; they can choose to either issue stocks or bonds to help generate funds for the company. Most of the time they prefer to issue stocks over bonds.Stocks are a form of winnowers; they represent participation in a compa ny's growth (Investigated). A between investors and institutions that, in return for financing, will pay a premium for borrowing, known as a coupon (Investigated). When it comes to the obligation of repay the principle on the stocks you have none; now for the bond you must pay it on the date of maturity. The inertest of the bond has dividends, but the company only pays the dividends when the company makes a profit. The stocks have a fixed interest rate that has to be paid at a specific time. 3. Discuss how financial returns are related to risk.We know that how the returns work is the greater the risk the greater the returns. The more you invest the more you will get back in returns. The relationship between financial risk and return is the gain or the lost from investments or securities. Just because you have chosen to take a higher risk does not mean that your return will be as high as the risk you took. There are five factors of model investment risk shows risks in terms of credit risk, term risk, market risk, size risk, and price risk. The return on an investment can be measured by a real rate which is what is earned after inflation has been figured into the value.The market, size, and price factors are the link between risk and return (Risk and return are related – Wealth Foundations, n. D. ). Now the beta stock is one factor that will help to determine the risk. 4. Describe the concept of beta and how it is used. A stocks beta is the measure of an asset's systematic risk and the relative risk (Melcher and Norton). Beta also measures the volatility or variability of an asset's returns relative to the market portfolio (Melcher and Norton). The assets of the company are more volatile than the market. If the company has a greater systematic sis than the market then the betas are greater than 1. . Even though the total risk and the sum of systematic risks are all measured by beta, they are equal and they are all measured in different units. Total risk i s measured in percentages and beta is unit less. The rules of how the beta works can be very easy to understand. The beta value will always be greater than 1 if a stocks price moves more than the stock market. If the value of the beta is less than 1, the stock market is moving more than the stocks price. Increased volatility of stock price equals higher risk for the investors ND a higher expected return, therefore betas over 1 are riskier.Betas under 1 are the exact opposite. These stocks have fewer risks, less volatility, and smaller overall returns. (Stock Beta and Volatility, n. D. ) 5. Contrast systematic and unsystematic risk. As mentioned in the above paragraphs, ownership of stock does not come without risks. The types of risks are categorized as systematic and unsystematic risks. The risks are very similar to each other; in that they are both affected by news and represent changes in a stocks return. The combination of these two risk types is noninsured the total risk. At th is point is where the similarities between the two risks end.Systematic risks, also known as non-diversified risks, are common risks that affect all stock. This risk is the portion of an asset that can be linked to market factors that influence all firms (Marina, 2010). The market for the systematic risk is the news, such as hurricanes, war, or an increase in interest rates, that links with the investments of the company. When things like this happen the investors do not have control; and now this presents a higher risk for the stockholders. Now that the hysteretic risks cannot be mitigated through diversification, they require a risk reward for buying a risky stock.The risky premium is determined solely by the systematic risks of a security. In addition to the risk premium, stockholders expect high returns because of the high risks posed by systematic risks. (Weakened, Kismet, ; Skies, 2011) Unsystematic risks or diversified risks are independent risks that only affect a single com pany or industry. The risk indicates a portion of an asset that is related to random causes that are linked to firm-specific events (Marina, 2010). The types of unsystematic events are to be made by the company or the industry specific news.When a merger happens between two companies this is what falls into the unsystematic risk category. Also other industry factors and events such as labor unions, strikes, lawsuits, and marketing strategies are a unsystematic risk. The changes that happen resulting from the independent risks are unrelated across investments. If the company has one unsystematic event that may happen, this will not have an effect on the entire outcome of the portfolio. Since the risk was so low this meaner that the stock will not be able to receive a risk premium. They can, however, diversify their portfolio to eliminate unsystematic risks.The elimination of the risks lowers the return an investor can expect (Weakened, Kismet, ; Skies, 2011). 6. Imagine your manufact uring corporation has Just won a patent lawsuit. After attorney and other fees, your corporation will have about $1 million. Explain how you plan to invest the money in order to diversify the risk and receive a good return. Support your decisions with concepts learned in this course. If my manufacturing corporation has Just won a patent lawsuit, I would have to take advantage the financial concepts that I have learned in this class such as financial management, stock and bonds, and the financial risk.I would use these concepts in order to diversify the risk and receive a good return. I am not for sure as to how much was awarded before the attorney and other fees but, only about $1 million will remain. This money will be invested into different portfolios that would help to diversify the risks that I will be taken not that I have money to do that with. Taking about half of the money to invest in multiple companies that have the potential to row and I can see where it would grow. I wo uld buy shares; this will give me the long term investments.

Knowledge is made through writing

  IntroductionWriting is indicative of knowledge about language and proficiency in the subject the student discusses in context. The current teaching orthodoxy focuses clearly on the improvement of sentence structure and uses extensive ‘knowledge about language’ and increased language awareness as a means to help pupils to write better English (Andrews, Torgerson, Beverton, Freeman, Locke, Low, Robinson & Zhu, 2006). As such, knowledge is gained through understanding the meaning of derivates and shown through writing and understanding the aspects of teaching and learning grammar.Aspects of teaching grammar revolve around why the student should learn grammar and how he should learn it. Writing is then the basis of exemplifying knowledge in grammar. Construction of correct syntax and proving correlation of all aspects of proper syntax and tense in the syntax is the measure of knowledge in principal. According to Kane (1997), the whole point is to get students to use lang uage correctly and well, so why not use examples from people who use language well? Her argument is the basis of using writing what others to showcase knowledge and level of knowledge of what has been understood have authored.Burgess, Tony, Turvey, Anne, Quarshie, Richard, (2000) argue that, grammar works as a level in the understandings that we bring to language and–as important–to reflection on where this knowledge comes from and how it can be acquired. Much of what we write reflects to proficiency in what we have learnt, knowledge is seen within the context of what we show we know and much of it is through writing.A critical pedagogyGrammar and writing are linked; to study one is to study the other. This is where grammar instruction in high school requires critical pedagogy. Lack of knowledge on students putting down their thoughts down on paper is due to lack of grammar and writing skills. This is the reason why, students have problem with their readings, revisions and communication. Teaching grammar in high school requires a cognitive rather a communicative methodology due to the learner variables. The students are difficult to teach due to their age. Age is a variable which onsets attitudes towards grammar. 15yrs-25yrs old are very poor due to stereo typing it (attitudes towards grammar).Most teachers opt to seek communicative methodology as their basis of teaching. However, Murcia, &   Hilles (1988) argue that,   no actual empirical studies have been conducted that prove that â€Å"communicative† classrooms produce better language learners than the more traditional teacher-dominated classroom. Richards, & Rodgers (1986) points out that in spite of its intuitive appeal and anecdotal evidence which supports it, there is equally appealing and convincing evidence that a communicative approach can lead to the development of a broken, ungrammatical, pidginize form of the language beyond which students can never really progress. Knowle dge is explicit; it is shown through language structures or rather sentences.The student’s ideas are communicated through sentences which if properly constructed show proficiency and knowledge. This is efficiency in syntax formation. According to (Burgess, Tony, Turvey, Anne, Quarshie, Richard, (2000) experience of language work is gained in assisting children with their writing, especially in helping with the drafting and re-drafting of written work arising in the context of ongoing schemes of work. This makes writing integral in teaching and makes it the principal method to impart proficiency. In high school attitudes towards grammar as discussed by Krashen, 45% of high school students are good writers and listeners hence very good speakers and writers when taught cognitively. Speech is dependent on writing and listening skills, to impart knowledge to use these skills a cognitive approach is used.A Teaching and grammar instruction is more effective is approached through adv ocating writing and revision. The   teacher should aim at achieving coherent, clear and effectively written papers and should always emphasize on the students taking enough time to improve their work through revising them and drafting them to quality.It means the teacher employ hearing, speaking, writing and reading as the integral basis of learning. This methodology is comprehensive in improving the essentials of understanding and use of grammar easily through self-evaluation. The Speaking and writing form the basis of integrated learning and play a pivotal role in creating able learners of grammar.   The benefits of writing as the mechanism of imparting knowledge in high school students is that there is improved understanding of subject base, evolving subject base, ways of understanding, developing and applying knowledge; wider-discussion and examination of the inclusion of more writing within English programs.Burgess, Turvey & Quashire (2000) argue that teachers should unders tand that there has to be a principled framework about the sort of knowledge grammar is. What is also needed is the opportunity for reconsidering their knowledge about the formal structures of language.When teaching grammar in a high school, it’s notable that the problem of tenses is high in class even with the smart kids knowing how to speak grammar fluently. Writing becomes problematic with kids only being able to write present tense but failing to identify other tenses and having proficiency in syntax formation. ‘What teachers should be understood is that, ability in grammar is more related to composition in some other subjects than in English. (R Andrews et al, p 40)Apart from syntax formation and tenses teaching the teachers experience difficulties in managing learning skills in the students and also improving on their skills. This is associated with the speech aspect of learning grammars that demean and stereotype the unable students; it creates a gap that the tea cher has to fill through inducing enthusiasm and creating atmospheres that make learning grammar easy.The need for rules, order and discipline is particularly acute in large classes of unruly and unmotivated teenagers. In this sort of situation grammar offers the teacher a structured system that can be taught and tested in methodical steps. The alternative – allowing learners simply to experience the language through communication – may simply be out of the question.This means that putting teaching grammar first as a priority is quite important and also making the enthusiasm of learning grammar felt is also important. Kane (1997), point out that this is based on the teacher’s background when learning. Teachers can achieve a lot through teaching cognitively and making use of language instruction just by reading well-crafted texts to their students. Research has shown that teachers remember their own school grammar instruction without enthusiasm or pleasure, yet t hey tend to repeat that pattern with their own students (Brosnahan & Neuleib, 1995).Knowledge of grammar is seen only through comprehension (writing) and its measured through the correctness of syntax. ‘Syntax is constraints which control acceptable word order within a sentence, or dominance relations (like head noun relative clause); and sentence combining as meaning: teaching techniques for splicing together simple sentences to make compound or complex ones. It can also cover sentence-embedding and other techniques for expanding and complicating the structure of sentences’ R. Andrews et al, p 42.Most important is to understand other variables so as to make teaching grammar effective. It therefore requires a particular kind of methodology, taking into account cultural, social and other contextual issues. Tentatively, high school students can learn the principles of generative grammar; knowledge of generative grammar enables such students to increase the proportion of w ell-formed sentences they write; and that knowledge of generative grammar can enable students to reduce the occurrence of errors in writing, R. Andrews et al, p 46. Teachers should comprehensively cover ‘sentence combining instruction which is effective in improving the sentence-combining skills’ and has a positive impact on writing quality. The teacher should realize that sentence combining is an effective means of improving the syntactic maturity of students in English between the ages of 5 and 16.   Teaching grammar as the key to having knowledge is one thing but there is need to identify the theoretical positions adopted in the study of English inform or challenge notions based on the practice and study of writing. The association of knowledge with the subject of English and with the subject of Writing need to be understood and their philosophic and pragmatic dimensions comprehensively researched English and Writing fall under the same cluster of studies and they form the basis of portraying knowledge and evaluating level of knowledge in the student, there is need understand what are there pedagogic developments that occur through having shared and comprehensive learning of writing and grammar for the purpose of attaining knowledge,.According to Knights & Harper (2007) there is need to understand (so that we can apply); in what ways does the association of English and writing produce what might be called â€Å"responsive critical understanding† (ie. critical understanding that responds to the needs of the â€Å"critic† [ie. those applying critical consideration], in terms of explanation, an approach to truth, requirement.ConclusionTeaching grammar in high school should be based on a participatory approach due to learner variables and attitudes towards grammar in high school students. Systematic review of the effect of grammar teaching in English on 5–16-year-olds’ accuracy and quality in written composition has be en the most extensive undertaken.Sources(Burgess, Tony, Turvey, Anne, Quarshie, Richard, 2000), Teaching Grammar: working with student teachers. Changing English: Studies in Reading & Culture, Mar2000, Vol. 7, Issue 1(http://www.tamu-commerce.edu/library/offdb.htm)(Burgess, Tony, Turvey, Anne, Quarshie, Richard, 2000): Teaching Grammar: working with student teachers: Studies in Reading & Culture Mar2000, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p7-21, 15p(http://www.tamu-commerce.edu/library/offdb.htm)(Kane, 1997): Teaching skills within meaningful contexts: Grammar in action; (in ‘The Reading Teacher’ Vol. 51, No. 1) pp 70-72 (http://www.tamu-commerce.edu/library/offdb.htm)(Brosnahan,I., & Neuleib, J, 1995). Teaching grammar affectively: Learning to like grammar. In S. Hunter & R. Waliace (Eds.), The place of grammar in writing instruction (pp. 204-212) Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook. (http://www.tamu-commerce.edu/library/offdb.htm)(Burgess, Tony, Turvey, Anne, Quarshie, Richard, 2000): Teaching Grammar: working with student teachers (in ‘the editors of Changing English) pp 7-17(http://www.tamu-commerce.edu/library/offdb.htm)